Englishעברית

Every Word Counts

As a youngster in grammar school, we are taught every word- every letter- in the Torah counts, serves a purpose.

In the Ten Commandments, the fifth reads: Kabeyd Es Aveecha V’es Imecha (Honor Thy Father and Mother). Why is a second Es needed? It is grammatically correct to have it as Avicha v’Imecha– without the extra Es. The Rabbis tell us that the second Es teaches us that even if she is not your natural mother, you show respect to your father by also honoring his wife.

The Gemara relates in Chagigah 12a: Rabbi Yishmael asks Rabbi Akiva a question when they are walking along the way. He says to him: You who served Naḥum of Gam Zu for twenty-two years, who would expound and learn that every appearance of the word es in the Torah is meant to teach something, what would he expound from the phrase: “The heaven and the earth” [es hashamayim ve’es ha’aretz] (Genesis 1:1)? Rabbi Akiva replies: These words should be expounded as follows: Had it stated: In the beginning Hashem created hashamayim veha’aretz, i.e., the heaven and the earth, without the word es, I would say: Shamayim is the name of the Holy One, Blessed be He, and the same goes for aretz, and the verse would sound as if it means that Hashem, whose name is Shamayim and Aretz, created the world. Since it states “es hashamayim ve’es ha’aretz,” it is clear that these are created objects and that shamayim means the actual heaven and aretz is the actual earth. It is for this reason that the word es is necessary.
Another reason given that shamayim and aretz are separated by another et is to be clear that they are not created concurrently but one after the other.

The Book of Devarim, Parsha Netzavim (chapter 30, verse 15) reads: נָתַ֤תִּי לְפָנֶ֨יךָ֙ הַיּ֔וֹם אֶת־הַֽחַיִּ֖ים וְאֶת־הַטּ֑וֹב וְאֶת־הַמָּ֖וֶת וְאֶת־הָרָֽע Nasati l’fanecha hayom es hachayim v’es hatov v’es hamaves v’es harah. (Behold, I have set before you today life and good on the one hand and death and evil on the other).

Hashem is telling the Children of Israel that life is connected to that which is good but death can come because of evil. So, why four es words in this verse? Because they are also independent of each other. One can have life, one can have goodness, one can experience too much death around him as well as just plain evil. It is a well-known dictum that good things may happen to bad people and bad things may happen to good people. The final scorecard is kept in Heaven when it is time for one to depart from Earth.

Just as every word is nuanced in the Torah for a reason, we all must be careful of our own words and their nuances.