משה מלונדריש

Rabbi Moshe ben Yom Tov of London (משה מלונדריש; Londres is the Hebrew name for London) was a rishon of England in the thirteenth century: a rav, a posek and a medakdek (grammarian of the Hebrew language). He was also called Abir HaOlam. He was niftar in 1268.

His family was one of the leading families of the Jews of England in that period, and many of its members held key posts in the community in the next generation too, until the Jews were expelled from England in 1290. Unlike most Jewish families in England at the time, it came from the Rhineland rather than from Tzarfat. Its forebear was Rabbi Shimon ben Yitzchak ben Avun, known as Rabbi Shimon HaGadol of Mainz. A descendant of his, Moshe ben Yitzchak ben Shimon, was the first of the family known to have lived in England; he did business in Bristol and later in Oxford, during the second half of the 1100s. His son Yom Tov kept up the business but gave most of his time to learning Torah, and wrote a sefer called Sefer HaTanaim, now lost, which most likely dealt with halacha and Hebrew grammar.

Rabbi Moshe sent questions in halacha to the Ri HaZaken and to Rabbi Yechiel of Paris. Among his talmidim was Rabbi Moshe ben Yitzchak ben HaNessiah, author of Sefer HaShoham. He had three sons: Rabbi Eliyahu Menachem of London, a physician as well as a talmid chacham; Hagin ben Moshe; and Berechiah de Nicole.

His chiddushim appear in the collection Tosafot Chachmei Anglia. He wrote Darchei HaNikud VeHaNegina, on the rules of the nekudot (vowel points) and the trop, and a work of his on the rules of the trop was printed in several editions of Mikraot Gedolot. Tosafot on the halachot of the Rif to Yevamot, Ketubot, Gittin and Kiddushin were printed in his name from a manuscript.

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