משה הכהן מלוניל

Rabbi Moshe HaKohen of Lunel (משה הכהן מלוניל), known as the Ramach, was a rishon of Provence, one of the talmidei chachamim of Lunel in the generation of the Rambam, at the end of the twelfth century and the start of the thirteenth. He wrote Hagahot HaRamach, also called Hasagot HaRamach, notes and objections on the Rambam’s Mishneh Torah.

Hasagot HaRamach is counted among the nosei keilim of the Rambam. The Sefer Yuchasin of Rabbi Avraham Zacuto says that the Rambam himself replied to his objections, but those replies have been lost. The Chida held that the Rambam saw only a few of the objections, and that most of them were written after he was niftar; he wrote that he had seen the Ramach’s objections in manuscript “by the hundreds and the thousands.”

As with the Hasagot HaRaavad, some poskim learn that where the Ramach does not dispute the Rambam, he agrees with him. Where the Raavad had already disagreed, though, the Ramach may have relied on him and left his own view unstated.

Before they were printed, his notes circulated in manuscript, and various authors cite and quote them. Rabbi Yosef Karo quotes them in the Kesef Mishneh, and the Rashba, the Ritva and other rishonim mention them. A manuscript of the work is kept in a library in Oxford; its notes cover just six books of the Yad HaChazakah, out of fourteen. The notes were first printed in full in 1970 as a sefer of their own, and they now appear in the margin of the Rambam in the Frankel edition.

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