Glossary & Help
New to learning online here? This page explains how to use the TorahSages library and decodes the abbreviations you will meet along the way.
How to use TorahSages
Reading the texts
Every text opens in a clean, right-to-left reader. Use the A− / A+ controls to set the Hebrew font size — your choice is remembered on your device. Move between chapters or dapim with the previous / next links, and use the breadcrumb at the top to jump back to a book, tractate, or the Library.
Commentaries
On the Chumash, each verse can be read alongside Rashi, Ramban, Ibn Ezra and Sforno. On the Talmud, every daf carries Rashi and Tosafot. Use the toggles at the top of the reader to show or hide a commentary.
Shulchan Aruch & Tur — Nosei Keilim and Commentaries
Beneath each siman you’ll find the Nosei Keilim — the classic commentaries printed around the text in the standard editions (Magen Avraham, Taz, Shach, Beit Yosef and the rest) — together with later commentaries such as the Mishnah Berurah, grouped by commentary author. After each se’if in the main text, small buttons show which commentaries discuss that se’if — click on a button to jump straight down to the note. A short legend on the page explains what each abbreviation stands for.
Finding things
Use the search box in the header to look across sages, texts and shiurim. Browse the Library by category (Tanach, Mishnah & Talmud, Halacha, Jewish Thought, Musar), and the Sages by era — from the Shoftim and Neviim through the Tannaim, Amoraim, Rishonim and Acharonim.
Abbreviations
The ראשי תבות table above expands the common acronyms for the Sages (for example רש״י, רמב״ם, רמב״ן) — each links to that sage’s page.
Glossary of terms
- תַּנַ״ךְ Tanach
- The Hebrew Bible — Torah, Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
- פָּסוּק pasuk
- A verse of Tanach.
- פָּרָשָׁה parashah
- The weekly Torah portion.
- מִשְׁנָה mishnah
- A single teaching of the Mishnah; also the corpus as a whole.
- גְּמָרָא gemara
- The Talmud’s discussion and analysis of the Mishnah.
- מַסֶּכֶת masechet
- A tractate of the Mishnah or Talmud.
- סֵדֶר seder
- One of the six orders (sedarim) of the Mishnah.
- דַּף daf
- A folio (leaf) of the Talmud — the unit a Gemara is cited by.
- עַמּוּד amud
- One side of a daf: amud alef (a) is the front, amud bet (b) the back.
- פֶּרֶק perek
- A chapter (Mishnah, Mishneh Torah, and most works).
- הֲלָכָה halachah
- A law; also a numbered unit in the Mishneh Torah.
- סִימָן siman
- A numbered section in the Shulchan Aruch, Tur and similar halachic works.
- סָעִיף se’if
- A sub-section within a siman.
- חֵלֶק chelek
- A part/volume — e.g. the four chalakim of the Shulchan Aruch (OC, YD, EH, CM).
- נוֹשְׂאֵי כֵּלִים nosei keilim
- The “bearers of the vessels” — the classic commentaries printed around the Shulchan Aruch and Tur.
- מְפָרֵשׁ mefaresh
- A commentator (plural: mefarshim).
- מִדְרָשׁ midrash
- Rabbinic exposition of the verses — narrative (aggadah) or legal (halachah).
ראשי תבות — abbreviations of the Sages
Common acronyms for the Rishonim and others. Each links to that sage’s page.
| ראשי תבות | Full name | Era |
|---|---|---|
| מהרי"ל | Yaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin (Maharil) | Rishonim |
| סמ"ג | Moshe of Coucy (Smag) | Rishonim |
| סמ"ק | Isaac of Corbeil (Semak) | Rishonim |
| ראב"ד | Rabbi Avraham ben David of Posquieres (Raavad) | Rishonim |
| ראבי"ה | Eliezer ben Yoel HaLevi (Raaviah) | Rishonim |
| ראב"ן | Eliezer ben Nathan (Raavan) | Rishonim |
| רא"ם | Eliezer of Metz (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz) | Rishonim |
| רא"ש | Rabbeinu Asher (Rosh) | Rishonim |
| רד"ק | Rabbi David Kimchi (Radak) | Rishonim |
| ריא"ז | Isaiah di Trani the Younger (Riaz) | Rishonim |
| ריב"ש | Isaac ben Sheshet (Rivash) | Rishonim |
| ריה"ל | Judah Halevi (Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi) | Rishonim |
| ריטב"א | Rabbi Yom Tov ben Avraham Asevilli (Ritva) | Rishonim |
| רי"ף | Rabbi Yitzchak Alfasi (Rif) | Rishonim |
| ריצב"א | יצחק בן אברהם Rizba | Rishonim |
| רלב"ג | Levi ben Gershon (Ralbag) | Rishonim |
| רמב"ם | Rabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Rambam) | Rishonim |
| רמב"ן | Rabbi Moshe ben Nachman (Ramban) | Rishonim |
| רמ"ה | Meir ben Todros HaLevi Abulafia (Meir Abulafia) | Rishonim |
| ר"ן | Rabbeinu Nissim (Ran) | Rishonim |
| רשב"א | Rabbi Shlomo ben Aderet (Rashba) | Rishonim |
| רשב"ם | Rabbi Shmuel ben Meir (Rashbam) | Rishonim |
| רשב"ץ | Shimon ben Tzemach Duran (Rashbatz) | Rishonim |
| רש"י | Rabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi) | Rishonim |