Glossary & Help

New to learning online here? This page explains how to use the TorahSages library and decodes the abbreviations you will meet along the way.

How to use TorahSages

Reading the texts

Every text opens in a clean, right-to-left reader. Use the A− / A+ controls to set the Hebrew font size — your choice is remembered on your device. Move between chapters or dapim with the previous / next links, and use the breadcrumb at the top to jump back to a book, tractate, or the Library.

Commentaries

On the Chumash, each verse can be read alongside Rashi, Ramban, Ibn Ezra and Sforno. On the Talmud, every daf carries Rashi and Tosafot. Use the toggles at the top of the reader to show or hide a commentary.

Shulchan Aruch & Tur — Nosei Keilim and Commentaries

Beneath each siman you’ll find the Nosei Keilim — the classic commentaries printed around the text in the standard editions (Magen Avraham, Taz, Shach, Beit Yosef and the rest) — together with later commentaries such as the Mishnah Berurah, grouped by commentary author. After each se’if in the main text, small buttons show which commentaries discuss that se’if — click on a button to jump straight down to the note. A short legend on the page explains what each abbreviation stands for.

Finding things

Use the search box in the header to look across sages, texts and shiurim. Browse the Library by category (Tanach, Mishnah & Talmud, Halacha, Jewish Thought, Musar), and the Sages by era — from the Shoftim and Neviim through the Tannaim, Amoraim, Rishonim and Acharonim.

Abbreviations

The ראשי תבות table above expands the common acronyms for the Sages (for example רש״י, רמב״ם, רמב״ן) — each links to that sage’s page.

Glossary of terms

תַּנַ״ךְ Tanach
The Hebrew Bible — Torah, Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
פָּסוּק pasuk
A verse of Tanach.
פָּרָשָׁה parashah
The weekly Torah portion.
מִשְׁנָה mishnah
A single teaching of the Mishnah; also the corpus as a whole.
גְּמָרָא gemara
The Talmud’s discussion and analysis of the Mishnah.
מַסֶּכֶת masechet
A tractate of the Mishnah or Talmud.
סֵדֶר seder
One of the six orders (sedarim) of the Mishnah.
דַּף daf
A folio (leaf) of the Talmud — the unit a Gemara is cited by.
עַמּוּד amud
One side of a daf: amud alef (a) is the front, amud bet (b) the back.
פֶּרֶק perek
A chapter (Mishnah, Mishneh Torah, and most works).
הֲלָכָה halachah
A law; also a numbered unit in the Mishneh Torah.
סִימָן siman
A numbered section in the Shulchan Aruch, Tur and similar halachic works.
סָעִיף se’if
A sub-section within a siman.
חֵלֶק chelek
A part/volume — e.g. the four chalakim of the Shulchan Aruch (OC, YD, EH, CM).
נוֹשְׂאֵי כֵּלִים nosei keilim
The “bearers of the vessels” — the classic commentaries printed around the Shulchan Aruch and Tur.
מְפָרֵשׁ mefaresh
A commentator (plural: mefarshim).
מִדְרָשׁ midrash
Rabbinic exposition of the verses — narrative (aggadah) or legal (halachah).

ראשי תבות — abbreviations of the Sages

Common acronyms for the Rishonim and others. Each links to that sage’s page.

ראשי תבותFull nameEra
האר"יIsaac LuriaAcharonim
מהרי"לYaakov ben Moshe Levi Moelin (Maharil)Rishonim
סמ"גMoshe of Coucy (Smag)Rishonim
סמ"קIsaac of Corbeil (Semak)Rishonim
ראב"דRabbi Avraham ben David of Posquieres (Raavad)Rishonim
ראבי"הEliezer ben Yoel HaLevi (Raaviah)Rishonim
ראב"ןEliezer ben Nathan (Raavan)Rishonim
רא"הAaron ben Joseph HaLevi (Rabbi Aharon HaLevi)Rishonim
רא"םEliezer of Metz (Rabbi Eliezer of Metz)Rishonim
רא"שRabbeinu Asher (Rosh)Rishonim
רדב"זDavid ben Zimra (David ben Solomon ibn Abi Zimra)Rishonim
רד"קRabbi David Kimchi (Radak)Rishonim
ריא"זIsaiah di Trani the Younger (Riaz)Rishonim
ריב"אYitzchak ben Asher (Riva)Rishonim
ריב"שIsaac ben Sheshet (Rivash)Rishonim
רי"דIsaiah di Trani the Elder (Rabbi Yeshaya di Trani)Rishonim
ריה"לJudah Halevi (Rabbi Yehuda HaLevi)Rishonim
ריטב"אRabbi Yom Tov ben Avraham Asevilli (Ritva)Rishonim
רי"ףRabbi Yitzchak Alfasi (Rif)Rishonim
ריצב"איצחק בן אברהם RizbaRishonim
רלב"גLevi ben Gershon (Ralbag)Rishonim
רמב"םRabbi Moshe ben Maimon (Rambam)Rishonim
רמב"ןRabbi Moshe ben Nachman (Ramban)Rishonim
רמ"הMeir ben Todros HaLevi Abulafia (Meir Abulafia)Rishonim
ר"ןRabbeinu Nissim (Ran)Rishonim
רשב"אRabbi Shlomo ben Aderet (Rashba)Rishonim
רשב"םRabbi Shmuel ben Meir (Rashbam)Rishonim
רשב"ץShimon ben Tzemach Duran (Rashbatz)Rishonim
רש"יRabbi Shlomo Yitzchaki (Rashi)Rishonim