Biography
Rabban Gamliel the Fifth was nasi of Yisrael in the closing decades of the fourth century (c. 4125–4145/365–385), son and successor of Hillel the Second — the nasi who had fixed the calendar for all generations — and heir of the house of Hillel in its last era of leadership.
The sources of the nations preserve the measure of his standing. The famous rhetorician Libanius corresponded with the “patriarch” of Eretz Yisrael in terms of deep honor, treating him as a man of learning and power — power, the letters suggest, exceeding even that of the Roman governor of the province, in whose removal the nasi appears to have had a hand. And Jerome records that the emperor Theodosius put to death a former consul who had wrongfully seized documents belonging to “the patriarch Gamliel” — Rome itself avenging the honor of the nasi of Yisrael.
He was succeeded by his son, Rabbi Yehuda Nesiah the Third, in the last generations before the nesiut was extinguished — the ancient office of the house of Hillel, stretching back through Rabbeinu HaKadosh to Hillel the Elder, approaching its end even as its bearers still commanded the respect of empires.
Where traditions differ. What is known of him rests largely on scholarly identification of the "patriarch" in the letters of Libanius and of Jerome with Rabban Gamliel the Fifth, following Menachem Stern.
רבן גמליאל החמישי היה נשיא הסנהדרין בשלהי המאה ה-4, לאחר אביו הלל נשיאה, שתיקן את הלוח העברי.
Gamaliel V held the office of Nasi of the ancient Jewish Sanhedrin between 365 and 385 CE. He was the son and successor of the Jewish patriarch Hillel II. He was notable for involving himself with perfecting the Jewish calendar in 359. He is apparently referred to in a letter written by Saint Jerome, in which Jerome states that Theodosius I (379-395) had condemned to death one Esychius, a former Roman consul who had stolen documents belonging to Gamaliel, who was furious about it.
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